Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, Egypt.
3
Mechanical Eng. department, Faculty of Eng., Pharos University in Alexandria, Alex., Egypt., Mechanical Power Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
4
Mechanical Power Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
10.1088/1757-899X/973/1/amme.2025.449050
Abstract
This study explores the impact of the nano-additive [Cu2(CN)3.Me3Sn.qox] (NSCP), synthesized from quinoxaline (qox), K3[Cu(CN)4], and Me3SnCl, on the performance and emissions of a single-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine operating at 1500 rpm under varying load conditions. The nano-additives were blended into a fuel mixture of 40% biodiesel and 60% conventional diesel at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 ppm. The enhancement presented in engine performance showed that the nano additives significantly enhanced combustion efficiency, particularly at 50 ppm. Engine performance metrics, including brake power and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), improved notably, with the highest gains at 50 ppm, while specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased, indicating better fuel utilization. Emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were reduced due to complete combustion, with optimal reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) observed at 50 ppm. The additives also improved the stability of the biodiesel-diesel blend, preventing phase separation. However, higher concentrations (200 ppm) risked nanoparticle aggregation and engine deposits, potentially affecting long-term performance. The study identifies 50–100 ppm as the optimal concentration range for maximizing engine performance and minimizing emissions while maintaining engine durability. At this values, the engine BTE was enhanced by 21% at 50-ppm NSCP additives, while the reduction of CO emission is reached to 33%, and 57.9 % reduction in soot formation. These findings highlight the potential of nano-additives to enhance diesel engine efficiency and reduce emissions. However, further research is needed to evaluate long-term effects and optimize formulations for commercial use.
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